# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Composition and Key Components
## Understanding the Basics of Sanitary Pad Construction
Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow and provide comfort during menstruation. The effectiveness and safety of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads are complex products that combine various materials to achieve optimal absorption, comfort, and protection.
## Primary Components of Sanitary Pads
### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)
The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:
– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or other natural fibers for premium products
This layer must be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to prevent skin irritation while allowing fluid to pass through to the absorbent core.
### 2. Absorbent Core
The core is the most critical component for fluid absorption. It usually consists of:
– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both materials
The ratio of fluff pulp to SAP varies depending on the desired absorbency level. Premium products often contain more SAP for better absorption with thinner designs.
### 3. Back Sheet
This waterproof layer prevents leakage and is typically made from:
– Polyethylene film
Keyword: sanitary pad raw material
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options
The back sheet must be flexible yet strong enough to prevent tearing during use.
### 4. Adhesive Components
Various adhesives are used in sanitary pads:
– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for attaching to underwear
– Construction adhesives for bonding layers together
– Release paper for protecting the adhesive before use
## Specialized Materials in Modern Sanitary Pads
### Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)
SAP is a crucial material that can absorb many times its weight in fluid. The most common types used are:
– Sodium polyacrylate
– Polyacrylamide copolymer
These polymers transform liquid into gel, preventing leakage and keeping the surface dry.
### Fragrance and Deodorizing Agents
Some sanitary pads include:
– Natural essential oils
– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
These components help neutralize odors, though fragrance-free options are increasingly popular due to skin sensitivity concerns.
## Safety Considerations in Material Selection
Manufacturers must ensure all materials:
– Are dermatologically tested
– Free from harmful chemicals
– Comply with international safety standards
– Don’t cause allergic reactions
Recent trends focus on using more natural, organic, and biodegradable materials to address environmental concerns and consumer preferences for chemical-free products.
## Environmental Impact and Sustainable Alternatives
The industry is moving toward eco-friendly options including:
– Organic cotton topsheets
– Biodegradable backsheets
– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Compostable packaging
These innovations aim to reduce the environmental footprint of disposable sanitary products while maintaining performance standards.