# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties
## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials
Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and comfort of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific function while ensuring comfort and protection.
## Core Components of Sanitary Pads
### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)
The top layer that comes in direct contact with the skin is typically made from:
– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton-like materials for premium products
Properties: Soft, breathable, and quick-drying to prevent skin irritation and maintain comfort.
### 2. Absorbent Core
The middle layer responsible for fluid absorption consists of:
– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes blended with cotton or rayon
Properties: High absorbency, good retention capacity, and ability to lock in moisture.
### 3. Back Sheet
The bottom waterproof layer is usually composed of:
– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films in premium products
– Sometimes combined with non-woven materials
Properties: Liquid-proof, flexible, and comfortable against clothing.
### 4. Adhesive Components
– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
Properties: Strong enough to stay in place but gentle on fabrics.
## Additional Features in Modern Pads
### Wings
Made from non-woven materials with adhesive strips to provide extra security.
### Fragrance Components
Some pads include:
– Microencapsulated fragrance beads
– Natural essential oil treatments
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### Barrier Leg Cuffs
Found in premium products, made from elastic materials to prevent leaks.
## Material Properties and Performance
The ideal sanitary pad material combination should provide:
– High absorption capacity (up to 10 times its weight)
– Excellent retention under pressure
– Quick dryness on the surface
– Breathability to reduce skin irritation
– Hypoallergenic properties
– Biodegradability (in eco-friendly options)
## Environmental Considerations
Recent developments focus on sustainable materials:
– Organic cotton topsheets
– Biodegradable backsheets
– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Chlorine-free fluff pulp
Manufacturers are increasingly adopting eco-friendly production processes to reduce environmental impact while maintaining product performance.
## Conclusion
The composition of sanitary pad raw materials has evolved significantly to meet modern demands for comfort, protection, and environmental responsibility. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and appreciate the engineering behind this essential hygiene product.