Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Components

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to provide comfort and protection during menstruation. The effectiveness of these products largely depends on the quality and combination of their raw materials. Modern sanitary napkins consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose to ensure absorption, comfort, and hygiene.

## Core Layers and Their Materials

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

• Non-woven fabric: Soft, breathable, and quick-drying
• Perforated plastic film: Provides a dry surface feel
• Cotton-like materials: For extra softness and comfort

This layer must be hypoallergenic, allow rapid liquid penetration, and maintain dryness to prevent skin irritation.

### 2. Acquisition Distribution Layer (ADL)

Positioned beneath the top sheet, the ADL:

• Quickly absorbs menstrual flow
• Distributes liquid evenly across the pad
• Prevents reverse flow back to the surface

Common materials include specialized non-woven fabrics or porous polymer layers designed for rapid liquid transport.

### 3. Absorbent Core

The heart of the sanitary napkin, the absorbent core typically contains:

• Fluff pulp: Natural wood pulp that provides bulk absorption
• Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): Hydrogel-forming materials that lock in liquid
• Bleached cotton: In some premium products for enhanced absorption

The ratio of fluff pulp to SAP varies by product type, with ultra-thin pads using more SAP for higher absorption in thinner profiles.

### 4. Back Sheet

The waterproof barrier on the bottom of the pad consists of:

• Polyethylene film: Most common, provides complete leakage protection
• Breathable microporous films: Allow vapor transmission while blocking liquid
• Non-woven laminates: For a cloth-like feel

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Systems

Sanitary napkins feature two adhesive components:

• Body adhesive: Pressure-sensitive glue to secure the pad to underwear
• Release paper: Protects the adhesive before use, typically silicone-coated paper

### Wings and Side Barriers

Many modern pads include:

• Side cuffs: Raised barriers to prevent side leakage
• Wing adhesives: Additional securing mechanisms for wings that wrap around underwear

## Specialized Materials in Premium Products

High-end sanitary napkins may incorporate:

• Antibacterial agents: To control odor and bacterial growth
• Fragrance microcapsules: For scent release during use
• Aloe vera or vitamin E coatings: For skin soothing properties
• Biodegradable materials: In eco-friendly product lines</